Analysis Of The Article Puzzlements Of A High School...

Society undoubtedly has a convincing and prevailing public literacy, as well as, numerous accepted symbols and ideas that legitimize the meaning of being an American. As the author of â€Å"Puzzlements of a High School Watcher†, Theodore R. Sizer explains how American media is the leading edge of shared experience, which is pronounced in the generally shared language and symbols and how it is our reality. Sizer focuses on the fact that as a nation, America has â€Å"a persuasive and powerful public literacy.† He claims that it is the outcome of shows aired on television and very uniform education processes. In his article, Sizer first sets the stage by describing the similarities among American high schools. He articulates that the similarities in the system are so solid that a student moving schools, even across the nation, would be in the same academic situation as they left and would only â€Å"lose few steps.† Sizer continues by claiming that at least four pr operties can characterize American public literacy: it is centrally driven, usually for merchandising purposes; it is commercial; it simplifies, synthesizes, unifies, and focuses; and lastly, literacy is sophisticated. By starting his article with his observations of American public literacy, Sizer introduces and backs the issue. Sizer does not offer suggestions for change. Instead, he begins to ask carefully chosen questions which provoke his audience to ponder their own answers. Aside from his own credibility of beingShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement, Warrington College of Business Administration, University of Florida; Stanley  M. Howe Professor in Leadership, Henry B. Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Human Resource Studies, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University; Lecturer, Charles University, Czech Republic, and Comenius University, Slovakia; Instructor, Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Breastfeeding Among Low Income Mothers - 1682 Words

Breastfeeding among Low-Income Mothers Introduction The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that a mother breastfeeds during her child’s first 6 months of life. After 6 months, the AAP advises that a mother should continue breastfeeding while incorporating solid foods into the baby’s diet. This nutritional combination should continue until the child is at least 1 year old (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012). Additionally, the United States Surgeon General acknowledges the health benefits of breastfeeding and urges a culture of support (U.S. Surgeon General, 2011). According to the Surgeon General, breastfeeding is highly effective in preventing various diseases, infections, and illnesses (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011a). Breast Milk is Nourishing An exclusively breastfeeding mother’s mammary glands produce a total of approximately 750 mL of milk per day. Synthesized from substances in the mother’s blood, breast milk contains all necessary nutrients for a baby’s healthy development. For example, human breast milk consists of a specific combination of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins. Additional milk components include minerals, electrolytes, and water. The nutrient concentrations fluctuate as lactogenesis progresses. Changes in milk composition and volume are controlled by multiple hormones, including cortisol, insulin, and prolactin. Along with composition, the volume of produced milk changes throughout lactogenesis. TheShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Breastfeeding For Mothers1139 Words   |  5 PagesSummary Breastfeeding is the way of feeding a baby with milk from mother’s breast. There are many benefits of breastfeeding for mothers especially. There is an emotional and physical attachment of mother with the baby. Breastfeeding also helps in minimizing the rates of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, diabetes, arthritis and high blood pressure (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2011). One of the main social conditions, which greatly affect breastfeeding, is socio-economic status of women. Women livingRead MoreBreastfeeding And Long Term Benefits Of Breastfeeding Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper are mothers that have a desire to breastfeed, employers, clinicians, breastfeeding advocacy groups and federal and state legislators involved in policy change. Aim The immediate and long-term benefits of breastfeeding have been demonstrated. Mothers are encouraged to begin breastfeeding immediately after delivery, however mothers choosing to breastfeed find numerous challenges once returning to work. There are not appropriate accommodations to support nursing mothers in the workplaceRead MoreBreastfeeding And Long Term Benefits Of Breastfeeding Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesimmediate and long-term benefits of breastfeeding have been demonstrated. Mothers are encouraged to begin breastfeeding immediately after delivery, however mothers choosing to breastfeed find numerous challenges once returning to work. There are not appropriate accommodations to support nursing mothers in the workplace. Although there are law in place to support accommodations in the workplace these laws are not enforced and therefore it is virtually impossible for mothers to continue to breastfeed asRead MoreSocio Demographic Characteristics Of Mothers Essay1089 Wo rds   |  5 PagesResults Socio-demographic characteristics Out of 423eligible mothers, 405 were participated in this study, which made a response rate of 95.7%. More than half (58.8%) of mothers were below 30 years. Most (95.6%) of mothers were Amhara by ethinicity. With regard to educational status, 242(59.8%) mothers were educated. Around one fivith (20.4%) of study participants were employed mothers. The average household income of the respondents was 1524.26 Ethiopian birr per month (standard deviation (SD) +Read MorePrevalence Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice And Its Associated Factor Among Mothers Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagesprevalence exclusive breastfeeding practice and its associated factor among mothers who have infants less than six months of age in Motta town, East Gojjam, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Method: A community based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from April 7, 2015 to May 7, 2015. A simple random sampling technique was applied after taking all registered mothers who have infants less than 6 months old from local health extension workers of each kebele. A total of 423 mothers with infantRead Moreevidence base Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesDisease Control and Prevention Location of source (URL): www.CDC.gov/breastfeeding/data/mpinc/index Owner or publisher: Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) Survey Describe (in your own words) the research database or collection of research including the purpose and the subject matter it covers: In 2003 Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) devised an expert panel to collect breastfeeding data. It is administered every two years to institutions to collectRead MoreArgumentative Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pages| Breastfeeding is better for your baby | Argumentative Essay | | | Islas, R. Argumentative essay Among the many decision a woman faces when she is pregnant, is whether or not she will breastfeed her child. In our society and in this day and age, this has become a matter of choice as opposed to long ago where formula was nonexistent and the only means of nurturing your baby was to breastfeed. Many women are oblivious to the health risks their baby may endure having not being breastfedRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pageswell-being of women and their infants. Unintended pregnancies span across age, race and religion, with a specific negative impact among the teenage population. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2016) In 2015, a total of 229,715 babies were born to women aged 15–19 years, for a birth rate of 22.3 per 1,000 women in this age group. Birth rates are also higher among Hispanic and African American adolescents than any other race. In 2014, Hispanic adolescent females ages 15-19 had the highestRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Po stpartum Depression918 Words   |  4 Pageshas been reported to be as high as 20% (Asltoghiria, 2012). The mother will begin to experience postpartum depression between the birth of the infant and 6 to 8 weeks later (Bhati, 2015). Depending on the person, the typical length of postpartum depression ranges anywhere from two weeks to two years in length (Posmontier, 2010). It is thought that postpartum depression affects mothers of multiples at a greater incidence than mothers whom birth just one child, and the chance increases with the numberRead MoreWhat Factors Contribute to Infant Mortality in Developed and Less Developed Countries?†1383 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"What factors contribute to infant mortality in developed and less developed countries?† â€Å"Infant mortality is the number of deaths among live-born infants from birth to under age one† (Sidscenter.org, n.d.). According to a National Vital Statistics Report in 2006, the leading causes of Infant Mortality in the U.S. were deformities, low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, maternal complications, unintentional injuries, respiratory distress of the newborn, bacterial sepsis, neonatal

Regulatory and Legislative Protections †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Regulatory and Legislative Protections. Answer: Introduction: It is noteworthy to mention here that from the period of 1787-1820 was governed by the autocratic rule of the New South Wales by the governors appointed in London[1]. In this regard, it can be observed that the timeline of the development of legal independence of the legislative framework of Australia started from 1787 in which Arthur Phillip was commissioned to initiate the establishment and govern the newly formed British colony of the New South Wales in 1788[2]. The governors of New South Wales were at the obligation to put into effect the statutes and common laws of England. With the advent of five single men and two families who has been recognized as the first free settlers in 1793 there developed signs of changes[3]. As a result of it, the number of free settlers increased considerably and therefore the demand for democratic changes arose. Similarly, with the evolution of future government system, the first court of justice developed in Australia in 1797. The Second Charter of Justice for New South Wales was stabled in 1814 which significantly defined the structure of civil court system. It was argued by jurists that the application of new provisions were required which has to be consistent with the English laws to the extent permitted by the colony[4]. Due to this reason disagreement arose among the settlers. The governors were acting outside their authorities in England and in New South Wales which created conflict with the existing English laws[5]. Therefore, the nature of the legislation can be referred to as colonial. The 1850s was considered to be a golden decade in the history of Australian government. It was observed that in 1850 the Imperial Parliament passed the Australian Colonies Government Act which enhanced the creation of independent self-governing colonies. Such self-governing bodies had their Legislative Councils situated in the model of New South Wales- South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. In recent era, the three self-governing colonies are not a part of New South Wales. However, this affected the population status of New South Wales with the separation of the three distinct self-governing bodies. The period of 1850-1870s marked the end of the period of representative government under the patronage of the Governor and the Legislative Council. In 1856, the New Parliament and Executive Council developed in New South Wales which comprised of new and qualified legislative assemblies. In addition to this it can be observed that with the establishment of the responsible government in 18 56 it proved to be beneficial for the liberal democratic government however; the right to equal vote and election were not developed. The landowners were only entitled to cast votes which changed with the advent of the Electoral Reform Act the power of right to vote was entrusted to all the individuals of New South Wales. It was observed that in spite the right to vote was vested with the individuals by 1858 few members could afford voting rights as they were not paid until the beginning of 1880s. It is true that the electoral candidates required money for election campaigns however; no such political development took place to meet the expenses of the electoral members. It can be observed that during 1865 the British laws could be amended and repealed by the Colonies of Australia. In this regard, the Colonial Laws Validity Act came into being which were still under the bondage of British statutes and provisions which were efficiently applied to the Australian Colonies. During the period from 1850s to 1890s both the Houses of Parliament expanded over time and thereby new appointments were made for the purpose of meeting the upcoming requirements[6]. However, the Australian Colonies were fast developing and in this regard the economic development marked a turning phase in the history of Australia with the evolution of Gold Rushes[7]. The advent of Gold Rushes significantly changed the economic and social condition of the Australian Colonies. The Legislature addressed effectively to the requirements of the Australian Colonies. From the very beginning New South Wales has been regarded as a Free Trade State which rose to predomination during 1880s and 18 90s[8]. As a result of the existence of Free Trade Policy, goods were easily imported into New South Wales without any obstacles. Therefore, local industries could easily compete with international enterprises within an open market. During the period of 1850s-1890s, the social structure of the Australian Colonies has also undergone major changes[9]. It was expected on the part of the government authorities to focus on public services such as railways, water supplies and custom duties. However, the government authorities were reluctant to assure changes in areas relating to public security and health. With the evolution of liberal legislation in New South Wales the faction system was put to an end[10]. Various attempts were made during 1890s to 1930s regarding the abolition and reconstruction of the Legislative Council. In this regard, the liberal government identified the conservative nature of the Legislative Council. The motive of the Legislative Council was not to act in the best interests of the individuals and the government. Therefore there developed fear and uncertainty on the part of the conservative governments regarding the hostile nature of the Legislative Council which could lead to the pathway of abolition from 1864 to 1934[11]. However, the acts of the Legislative Council were less controversial in nature and the actions were applied in case of monetary matters of the elected Houses. In spite of various reforms several attempts were constantly rejecting for the reconstruction of the Legislative Council by 1900. Therefore Legislative Council during such period performed specific roles in consideration of the Lower House which included the investigation of social and p olitical issues. Much opposition was raised by the members of the Council regarding its abolition as they argued that it was a matter of labor party policy. Therefore the members of the Upper House did not agree with such abolition. Thereafter in 1922, the Upper House was abolished by an action of the Labor Government in Queensland. In the later part of 1929, a new section of 7A was included in the Constitutional Act under the patronage of the Nationalist Party Premier[12]. According to the Section, no bill can be presented to abolish the Legislative Council until a royal assent is received by both the Houses with an approval at a referendum. In New South Wales, if the majority of the electors agree to the proposal then only a referendum is held. During 1930 the return of the Labour Party was marked under the patronage of J.T. Lang. It was observed that Lang made several attempts for the abolition of the Legislative Council. Therefore, a bill was secured by Lang by involving both the Houses for the purpose of abolishing the Council. However, he failed in his attempt in addressing the provisions of Section 7A and therefore his attempt to abolish the Council was held to be illegal by the High Court and the Privy Council. With the dismissal of the proposal of Lang concerns were raised regarding the role of the Legislative Council in the political development of the State. It is worth stating that the nature of the indirect method of the election was supported as they were concerned that there could be rivalry between the Council and the Assembly. Lastly, the reconstruction of the Legislative Council was fulfilled on April 1934 which being independent could not create favourable influence over the monetary policy of the governmen t[13]. The period between 1934 and 1980 it was observed that the elected governments were confronted with the presence of antagonistic Council. In 1977, a Bill was introduced by the Wran Labour Government to reform the Upper House however; such bill was not passed by the Legislative Council[14]. Thereafter, the Bill was again re-introduced after two months. Therefore, proposals were made regarding the amendments to the Bill that was finally passed by both the Houses. After the amended Bill was presented to the public for further approval at e referendum held on June, 1978. Lastly, as a result of the act of the Greiner Liberal-National Party Government at a referendum held in 1991 there was a reduction in the number of the members of both the Houses. During this period, the governor, lieutenant governor and the judge was authorized by the First Charter of Justice with the power to proceed with the establishment of a criminal court. The governor was entrusted with the power of appointing and dismissing magistrates. In this regard, civil and military officers were appointed who possessed similar powers to those of the magistrates. Such civil and military officers were at the authority to imprison individuals regarding minor criminal cases. However, the First Charter of Justice also established the court of civil jurisdiction for the purpose of hearing and deciding cases related to property and contracts[15]. During this period DArcy was declared at the first paid magistrate. Prior to this, the powers and duties of the magistrates were confined to other positions. In 1821, court houses were established exceeding an amount of 300 in New South Wales. After 1830, the payment of the magistrates was commonly practiced. However from the period of 1820 and 1850, the legal system of Australia developed. Previously, it was governed by the principles of common law of England. It was observed that the legal structure of Australia was formulated on the basis of the British legal system as a result of the emergence of the European settlers in Australia. In this regard, the permission of setting up Australian colonies was granted by the British legal system and thereafter the establishment of legal system was initiated in Australia. The creation of central government was initiated by Australia and as a result of it the Constitution of Australia came into being which marked the beginning of an independent legal system in Australia. From the very beginning the legal system of Australia has been considered as the most important common law system of the world. However, the essentials of the Australian legal system are deep rooted in the English Colonial rule. The common law system in Australia proved to be insignificant as a result of the development of adversarial justice system. In the opinion of the Australian Law Reform Commission, 1999, the adversarial system can be referred to as the common law system which has been applied in the court proceedings of different countries[16]. Therefore it was argued that it would have been beneficial for Australia develop a system of civil justice system of its own free from the influence of the English common law. It is evident from the history of Australia that republicanism forms a major part of it. It was observed that with the formation of the convict colony in New South Wales by the British Empire, the Australians could not declare their independence. During this period it was observed that John Dunmore Lang hared his opinion regarding the formation of a new federation in Australia. In his perspective, the new federation shall emerge as a republic and as a result of it the Australians could extend their territories over the neighbouring islands of the South-West Pacific. During the emergence of gold rushes during 1850s the republicanism emerged from time to time in Victoria. In this regard, it was observed that the republic of Victoria was proclaimed when rebellions raised the Southern Cross flag[17]. Until 1950, Republican Party was not formed to contest against the elections of Australia. However, the influence of the British Empire proved to be beneficial for the Australian colonies as a source of defence and investment. The legal system of Australia was adopted from the English Legal system as it was a colony under the British Empire. Due to this reason the laws of Australia are greatly influenced by international laws. It can be stated that the influence of international laws on the Australian legal system has been reflected in multinational conventions and treaties. However, when Australia was under the reign of Great Britain, the colonies of Australia were granted limited self-governance. As a result of this the colonies of Australia initiated the formation of an independent court of their own by formulating their own set of laws. The colonies are vested with a right to amend or repeal any provisions. Therefore with passing years, Australia finally evolved in a new way by building an independent structure of Australian law with separate judiciary and legislature. It can be observed that Australia after its independence from Great Britain emerged as a federal state. During the period of Federation Movement various national conventions were gained by Australia and thereafter the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act was passed in 1900 by the government of British[18]. The jurisdiction of Australia comprises of Federal and State, Criminal and Civil, Original and Appellate. However, the Courts established under the state laws are regarded as State Courts. The Courts under the Commonwealth laws in Australia are regarded as Federal Courts. It can be rightly stated that Australia after its independence from United Kingdom has the power to make laws of its own. During this period, attempts were made by the representatives regarding the formulation of a central government for the country. Therefore, representatives of the six colonies which included New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia and Victoria conducted a series of conventions in 1890s. Thereafter, for the purpose of approving the draft constitution a referendum was held in each colony. The Australian Constitution came into force on 1 January 1901 which was passed by the British Parliament[19]. With the formulation of the Australian Constitution in 1901 market the beginning of an independent legal system of Australia which comprises a major part of the Australian government. As a result of the federation of the independent colonies the Commonwealth of Australia came into being. With the establishment of the Commonwealth in Australia the government system of Australia is referred to as the federal system[20]. It is noteworthy to mention here that, und er the federal structure of the government the power is entrusted to both the federal government and the state government. Therefore, in this way power ids divided between two different structures of the government which are depicted in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900. In this regard, it can be stated that the individuals of Australia are subjected to follow both the federal laws and the state or territorial laws. The Colonial Laws Validity Act 28 and 29 Vic c 63 was in the beginning a UK Act termed as the Colonial Laws Validity Act 28 and 29 Vic c 63 (UK). However the Act was thereafter renamed as the Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 when the Act was first published under the Legislation Act 2001[21]. In this regard, it is worth stating that the Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 was applied to the individual states of Australia until in 1986 the Australia Act 1986 came into force. The Colonial Laws Validity Act was approved on 29 June 1865. The Colonial Laws Validity Act was passed with an intention to remove existing confusion about the legality of the colonial laws. However, the legality and effect of the existing laws of the Colonies of Australia. In this context, it can be stated that after evaluating the existing complexities in the legislature and the executive it was confirmed by the British Parliament that the existing statutes are valid and efficient. The Act came into effect in New Sou th Wales before 1st January 1911 and continued to apply its force as proposed by the Seat of Government Acceptance Act 1909[22]. In this regard, it is noteworthy to mention here that from the very beginning the purpose of the Colonial Validity Act was excluding any inconsistency existing between the colonial and the British legislation. Therefore, the Act provided importance to the concept of colonial legislation by stating that the purpose of the Act was to have effect within the colonies however; it shall not contradict any Act of the Parliament in relation to the powers extending beyond the boundaries of United Kingdom. It is worth mentioning that the Act has rightly clarified and strengthened the positioning of the colonial legislatures. In this regard, it can be stated that before the Colonial Validity 28 and 29 Vic c 63 came into effect most of the colonial statutes was obstructed by the local judges as they were inconsistent with the English laws[23]. The judges were of the v iew that the English laws passed by the Parliament proved to be inefficient within the colony. It is evident that the government in South Australia has gone through this particular issue where the judges have restrained certain local statutes on various occasions. However, the Colonial Laws Validity Act 28 and 29 Vic c 63 remained in force for a long time and thereby proved to be beneficial in defining the relationship between the Acts of Parliament and the laws passed in autonomous British territories. The Colonial Laws Validity Act 28 and 29 Vic c 63 was also efficient in defining the legitimacy of the decisions given by the territorial legislatures and government authorities. In this regard, it can be mentioned that the Parliament of the United Kingdom was at the authority to amend the Colonial Laws Validity Act 28 and 29 Vic c 63 (UK) however; after the Act was renamed the Parliament lost such authority. The Statute of Westminster was adopted by Australia in 1942 with the establishment of the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942[24]. However, the Statute of Westminster came into force immediately in countries of Canada, South Africa and Irish Free State. It was observed that the Statute of Westminster was adopted by most of the countries however it was not adopted by Newfoundland in spite of financial depreciation as a result of the Great Depression. However, the Colonial Laws Validity Act continued to strive in Newfoundland. Traditionally, the Statute of Westminster Act of 1931 is an act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom which has been modified and amended which acts as domestic law within the countries of Australia and Canada[25]. The Statute of Westminster Act was passed on 11th December 1931 which came into force immediately with the establishment of legislative independence of the self-governing territories of the British Empire. It is evident that the territori es of the British Empire need the approval of the Parliament regarding changes to monarchical titles and common lines of succession. Therefore the Statute of Westminster acted as a statutory framework of the principles of equality and common allegiance that has been depicted in the Balfour Declaration of 1926. In this regard, the importance of the Statute of Westminster of 1931 can be emphasized. The Statute of Westminster significantly recognized the evolution of the self-governing Dominions into autonomous states. In this regard, it is noteworthy to mention here that Dominions included countries like Australia, South Africa, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand and Irish Free State by the end of 1930s[26]. The importance of the Statute of Westminster arose during the American War of Independence which was a major turning point in the history of British Empire. In this regard, it can be stated that the Statute of Westminster contributed enormously towards the advances of the Dominions. In the perspective of historians, the Statute of Westminster came into force in order to put an end to the chapter of Commonwealth history. It is evident that the Commonwealth has attained the status of self-government and self-determination from the very beginning however; no questions were raised on the vali dity of such attainment till date. Therefore, the Statute of Westminster made the Dominions free from the legal bondage of the British Empire except Australia and New Zealand. In this regard, the British Empire cannot nullify the laws of the Dominions in future and therefore the Dominions are at the authority to formulate extra-territorial laws of their own[27]. Therefore, the British laws are no longer applicable to the Dominions. However, Canada has the authority to formulate legal provisions of its own except the Dominions which amended the British North America Act. In this regard, it is worth noting that since time immemorial, the Statute of Westminster occupies significant position in the histories of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa[28]. The Statute of Westminster acted as a legal instrument in eliminating the power of the British Empire on the Dominions. Therefore, as a result of it the Dominions were able to establish themselves as autonomous states. References: Albert, Richard. "Constitutional amendment by constitutional desuetude."The American Journal of Comparative Law62.3 (2014): 641-686. Asimow, Michael. "Five models of administrative adjudication."The American Journal of Comparative Law63.1 (2015): 3-32. Buchanan, John, Dominic Heesang Chai, and Simon Deakin. "Empirical analysis of legal institutions and institutional change: multiple-methods approaches and their application to corporate governance research."Journal of Institutional Economics10.1 (2014): 1-20. Clark, David. "Cautious Constitutionalism: Commonwealth Legislative Independence and the Statute of Westminster 1931-1942."Macquarie LJ16 (2016): 41. Davis, Kevin E., and Mariana Mota Prado. "Law, Regulation and Development."Development: Ideas and Experience(2014). Flynn, Asher, et al. "Legal aid and access to legal representation: Redefining the right to a fair trial."Melb. UL Rev.40 (2016): 207. Gordon, Michael. "The UK's Sovereignty Situation: Brexit, Bewilderment and Beyond."King's Law Journal27.3 (2016): 333-343. Guerriero, Carmine. "Endogenous legal traditions and economic outcomes."Journal of Comparative Economics44.2 (2016): 416-433. Gummow, William. "The Australian constitution and the end of empire-a century of legal history."Law Context: A Socio-Legal J.33 (2015): 74. Hayo, Bernd, and Stefan Voigt. "Mapping Constitutionally Safeguarded Judicial IndependenceA Global Survey."Journal of Empirical Legal Studies11.1 (2014): 159-195. Hillmer, Norman, and Philippe Lagass. "Parliament will decide: An interplay of politics and principle."International Journal71.2 (2016): 328-337. Kendrick, Maria. "A Question of Sovereignty: Tax and the Brexit Referendum."King's Law Journal27.3 (2016): 366-374. Klabbers, Jan. "The emergence of functionalism in international institutional law: colonial inspirations."European Journal of International Law25.3 (2014): 645-675. Lee, David. "States rights and Australias adoption of the statute of Westminster, 19311942."History Australia13.2 (2016): 258-274. Marchetti, Elena, and Janet Ransley. "Applying the critical Lens to judicial Officers and Legal Practitioners involved in sentencing Indigenous Offenders: Will anyone or anything do."UNSWLJ37 (2014): 1. Marchetti, Elena, and Janet Ransley. "Applying the critical Lens to judicial Officers and Legal Practitioners involved in sentencing Indigenous Offenders: Will anyone or anything do."UNSWLJ37 (2014): 1. McCorkindale, Christopher. "Scotland and Brexit: The state of the union and the union state."King's Law Journal27.3 (2016): 354-365. McMillan, Mark, and Cosima McRae. "Law, Identity and Dispossessionthe Half-Caste Act of 1886 and Contemporary Legal Definitions of Indigeneity in Australia."Indigenous Communities and Settler Colonialism. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2015. 233-244. Meagher, Dan. "The principle of legality as clear statement rule: significance and problems."Sydney L. Rev.36 (2014): 413. Nepal, Rabindra, Flavio Menezes, and Tooraj Jamasb. "Network regulation and regulatory institutional reform: Revisiting the case of Australia."Energy Policy73 (2014): 259-268. Newman, Warren J. "Some Observation on the Queen, the Crown, the Constitution, and the Courts."Rev. Const. Stud.22 (2017): 55. Patience, Allan. "The Two Streams of Australia's Middle Power Imagining and their Sources."Australian Journal of Politics History60.3 (2014): 449-465. Preston, Brian J. "Characteristics of successful environmental courts and tribunals."Journal of Environmental law26.3 (2014): 365-393. Roach Anleu, Sharyn, and Kathy Mack. "Judicial performance and experiences of judicial work: Findings from socio-legal research." (2014). Short, Damien.Reconciliation and colonial power: Indigenous rights in Australia. Routledge, 2016. Thomson, Lorraine, Morag McArthur, and Peter Camilleri. "Is it fair'? Representation of children, young people and parents in an adversarial court system."Child Family Social Work22.S2 (2017): 23-32. Wardle, Jonathan Jon, et al. "Regulatory and legislative protections for consumers in complementary medicine: lessons from Australian policy and legal developments."European Journal of Integrative Medicine6.4 (2014): 423-433. Zwart, Melissa de, Sal Humphreys, and Beatrix Van Dissel. "Surveillance, big data and democracy: Lessons for Australia from the US and UK."UNSWLJ37 (2014): 713.

Segration an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Segration In the year 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States delivered a milestone decision in the case of Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, wherein it declared that creation of separate schools on the basis of the race of students was contrary to the provisions of the constitution. During that time, the District of Columbia and several other southern states had made it mandatory for all public schools to be racially segregated. Kansas and some of the northern and western states gave discretionary powers to inpidual schools to decide on the issue of segregation. Thus a majority of schools were desegregated in 1954, while the schools in Topeka remained unsegregated (Finkelman, 2005). Need essay sample on "Segration" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The 14th Amendment to the Constitution assures that every person should be provided with equal protection irrespective of race. The Supreme Court in the Brown II case of 1955 placed the responsibility of implementing desegregation on the federal district courts located in the South. The plaintiff Linda Brown was not permitted to join an integrated school until she had reached college education. In fact, the children of twenty plaintiffs in the Clarendon County case never went to integrated schools. This situation actuated Brown to invoke the civil rights movement and file cases in the courts against the education authorities. This ultimately resulted in eradication of all sorts of statutory racial discrimination (Finkelman, 2005). The ruling of the Supreme Court in the Brown case had become a turning point in legal policies that were formed in the case of Plessy v Ferguson wherein it was held that educational practices though separate should be equal. The 14th Amendment had construed that equality as per the law would be achieved through segregated facilities. Legislation to that effect was enacted in the South which instituted separate facilities for Blacks and Whites in every aspect of the society (Finkelman, 2005). In 1971, the Supreme Court of the United States adopted measures concerning legalized desegregation in public schools in the case of Swann v Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education. In that case the school boards stratagem of implementing desegregation had been found inadequate; in this regard the district court directed the authorities to implement the desegregation strategy designed by it. The Supreme Court upheld the district courts order without dissenting. The legitimatized facilities in a forced desegregation of offender school system include transport by bus, racial quotas and reorganization of school districts. The Supreme Court approved of the various bus transport programs, which accelerate racial integration of public schools (Jones-Wilson, 1996, p72-73). The strategy of busing was accepted in the United States which was considered to be a key factor in the integration process in the US public schools. Subsequently, court ordered busing programs faced much criticism equally from the whites and the African Americans. The latter claimed that these programs unnecessarily made their children to continue on in spite of the difficulty involved in the long bus rides to school. In most major cities court ordered busing prevailed until the 1990s (Jones-Wilson, 1996, p72-73). During the process of desegregation most of the black teachers faced unemployment. There were nearly 82,000 black teachers in the year 1954 teaching two million black children. Subsequent to the case of Brown, around 41,600 black teachers and administrators in 17 Southern schools lost their jobs. More than 50% of black administrators were either dismissed or demoted. The ousting of staff en masse was possible because many black schools were closed down during desegregation. The black educators had been removed from service even though their educational qualifications were much higher than that of their white counterparts (Byrne & Anderson, 2004, p89-91). According to the National Education Association, more than 85% of black teachers had college degrees in comparison to 75% of white teachers. Thus the black children were deprived of expert and better qualified black teachers. Prior to Brown, white administrators had permitted black administrators to operate the black portion of the school system. This practice enabled black educators to inculcate quality education to black students. In the pre Brown period every student was given equal opportunity to improve their skills. The practice of segregation provided a sort of protection to black students from discrimination and racist ideologies, which they experienced in the desegregated era in the post Brown integrated schools (Byrne & Anderson, 2004, p89-91). References Byrne, D. N., & Anderson, J. (2004, p89-91). The Unfinsihed Agenda of Brown v Board of Education. perse: Issues in Higher E. Finkelman, P. (2005). Brown v Board of Education of Topeka. Redmond: WA: Micosoft Encarta 2006 (DVD). Jones-Wilson, F. C. (1996, p72-73). Encyclopedia of African-American Education. Greenwood Press.

Beowulf as an Epic essays

Beowulf as an Epic essays I just finished watching Blue Streak, the story of a criminal who is forced to become a police officer in order to recover a diamond that he had hidden before he was arrested for a heist. In the movie, Martin Lawrence is a the protagonist, and as a typical audience member, I hope that he will succeed in whatever his goal is, in this case, to safely recover his diamond, and not end up in jail for a second term. This remains to be true for me throughout the entire movie, even though my introduction to this character is seeing him get arrested for stealing a diamond, and then watching him get dumped for not even calling his girlfriend while he was in jail. Nowadays, it seems that the hero of any story can gain the sympathy and support of his audience, but in the Anglo-Saxen time period, heroes has to follow specific guidelines in order to be respected and accepted as a hero. In the poem entitled, Beowulf, translated by , a normal man named Beowulf is able to b ecome one of the most memorable heroes of British literature through the story-tellers use of the Anglo-Saxen heroic ideal. One of the reasons that Beowulf is such a popular example of the heroic ideal is his willingness to risk anything of his own in order to help others. His courage is displayed early in the poem, while he explains his adventures of killing monsters in the ocean. He says I drove five great giants into chains, chased all of that lace from the earth, swam in the blackness of night, hunting monsters out of the ocean, and killing them one by one. Beowulfs determination to kill the sea-monsters becomes part of his promise to save the Danes from Grendel, and also promises to the readers that this tale is sure to be as filled with action and adventure as his adventures in the sea. Later, Beowulf acknowledges the fact that Grendel needs no weapons and fears none; he then decides that he will n...

Aarron Beck essays

Aarron Beck essays Dr. Aaron T. Beck MD, a psychotherapist, is considered one the most influential people in modern cognitive psychology and is known as the Father of Cognitive Therapy. Cognitive psychology is the study of peoples mental processes between a stimulus and a response. Cognitive psychologists investigate a person is capability to perceive, work out, and solve problems through insight and the use of their memory. Similar to the operations of a computer, a human is able to gain information, process and store it, and then be able to retrieve the information for future use. Becks interest in cognitive psychology can be traced back to when he was eight years old when he encountered a life-threatening staff infection that indefinitely altered his personality. Beck was brought up as a typical middle-class young boy, born the youngest of three sons into a Russian Jewish immigrant family on July 18, 1921 in Providence, Rhode Island. His father was a printer who took pride in his socialist ideals; while his mother was extremely overbearing and known for her shameful mood swings. His two older brothers had died before he was born. Before Beck became ill, he was involved in athletics and the boy scouts. However, after he became a much more introverted person who preferred reading to playing sports and developed a fear of blood, hospitals, and doctors. This fear left him feeling ill just thinking about any of these things and this troubled young Beck. He knew at an early age that this was an unhealthy way to live. He decided to change this about him and gradually broke himself of this phobia through rational thinking. Every time he would come upon a situation that would make him feel uncomfortable, he would keep himself busy and would use rational reasoning why he should not feel threatened. He gradually helped himself overcome his fear through his process of using rational thoughts to overcome his fears instead of ...

Financial Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Resource Management - Essay Example With the help of trade goods are made available to consumers at the time of their need. It removes the hindrance of persons by bringing together producers and consumers who are widely scattered. Financing is of two types, equity financing and debt financing. When you are in need of money or looking for capital, company's debt-to-equity-ratio should be considered. It is the relations between the Dollars or Euros that an entrepreneur has borrowed and Dollars or Euros invested in the business. The more the investment by the owners the more they attract the financing. When the equity to debt ratio of the firm is high then debt financing should be taken. If the proportion of the debt to equity ratio of the firm is high then it is advised that the owners should increase their equity investment, that way they cannot jeopardize firm's survival. Limited equity financing is used by most of the small or growth stage businesses. Whereas in debt financing, funds pour in from different quarters like from friends, relatives, etc. Venture capitalists are the most common source of equity funding. Venture capitalists may be institutional risk takers, financial institutions, wealthy persons, etc. and most of them specialize in industries. Venture capitalists are risk takers and show interest only in three to five year old companies that result in more than average profits. These venture capitalists are called as investment gurus whose interest lies in those companies that have major regional and national concerns. Debt Financing Commercial finance companies, financial institutions, banks, savings and loans, Lloyds Bank small business, etc. are some of the sources for debt financing. Because of their positive impact on the whole economy local and state government encourage the growth of the small companies. In debt financing additional funds comes from friends, family, relatives, and industry colleagues, etc when capital investment is smaller. Generally banks formed as a major source for loans for the establishment of small businesses. Banks don't offer long term loans to small firms instead they grant short term loans for machinery and